home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK01209}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Where Does Meningitis Come From?}
- $Subject{meningitis infections nervous system systems bacterial viral bacteria
- neisseria meningitidis streptococcus pneumoniae hemophilus influenzae
- pneumococci swelling connective tissues brain spinal cord infection virus
- bacterium meningitides}
- $Volume{A-1, F-1}
- $Log{
- Protective Coverings of the Brain*0002302.scf
- Purulent Meningitis of the Brain*0002506.scf}
-
- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
-
-
- Where Does Meningitis Come From?
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- QUESTION: Our grandson has just recovered from a serious fight with an
- infection called "meningitis". It seemed to come from nowhere, with scarcely
- a symptom before he was deathly ill. Would you please tell us where this
- infection could have come from, and what types of treatments are available to
- cure it? Although everything is now all right, the family is still curious to
- find out as much as possible about the disease.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ANSWER: I can understand your curiosity and am happy to provide you with some
- information. Meningitis is a painful swelling of the connective tissues that
- enclose the brain and spinal cord due to bacterial or viral infections. Its
- symptoms include an intense headache, fever, loss of appetite, intolerance to
- light and sound, neck and back stiffness, and rigidity of the hamstring
- muscles in the back of the legs. In severe cases convulsions, vomiting, and
- delirium may even lead to death.
- About 80 percent of all cases caused by bacteria can be the result of
- infections by one of three common bacteria. They are N. meningitidis,
- Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae. These bacteria abound in
- the environment and such factors as age, head trauma and diseases which reduce
- the effectiveness of the body's immune system may influence which bacteria
- becomes the infecting agent.
- The infection is spread through small droplets of liquid in the air
- coming from the respiratory system of an infected person and by close
- contact, and is often spread by people who either display no immediate
- symptoms or have only a sore throat. Transmission can occur through the route
- afforded by intimate kissing, a practice which should be avoided whenever an
- infection is suspected to be present.
- Pneumococcus meningitis is most common in adults, originating from
- infections in the sinuses, ears, and respiratory tract.
- H. influenzae (the most prevalent form of meningitis in children) tends
- to affect children 6 months to 3 years old and accounts for 50% of all
- meningitis cases. Middle ear infections are the primary culprit, and deafness
- may occur within 36 hours after symptoms begin.
- A positive diagnosis for these forms of bacterial meningitis is usually
- made by studying samples of the patient's blood, spinal fluid, or both.
- Treatment with antibiotics are usually quite effective, and since the disease
- is so serious, are prescribed when the diagnosis is probable without waiting
- for the identification of the specific type of bacteria.
- Viral causes of meningitis (even though the symptoms may be the same) are
- much harder to manage. Unlike bacteria, which are simple one cell organisms
- that reproduce by cell division and can be affected by a number of available
- antibiotics, viruses (which can only multiply inside the cells within the
- body) are infecting organisms which do not respond to treatment with the same
- antibiotics that are so successful against bacteria. And diagnosis can be
- tricky, depending on the results of throat and stool cultures as well as
- certain cell changes in the spinal fluid that only occur during a viral
- infection.
- When the disease is caused by a virus, such as the kind that are
- responsible for mumps, mononucleosis or infectious hepatitis, the severity of
- the disease can range from one with no symptoms at all to one which is most
- severe. However even these desperately ill patients may recover completely.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-
-